Internal medicine disease: treatment guidelines

Acute rhabdomyolysis syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment

Rhabdomyolysis, a syndrome in which skeletal muscle cells are damaged, and destroyed, leading to the release of a variety of muscle cell substances into the bloodstream.

Advanced emergency for circulatory arrest

Other names of circulatory arrest are cardiopulmonary arrest, cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Renal colic: emergency diagnosis and treatment

Abdominal pain occurs when a stone gets stuck in the urinary tract, usually in a ureter, blocking and dilating the area of ​​the ureter, causing severe pain

Coma: Diagnosis and emergency management

Coma is an emergency, prompt action is needed to preserve life and brain function, often with blood tests and brain CT scans to determine the cause.

Hypoglycemia: diagnosis and emergency management

Hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose less than 3 mmol per liter, in hospitalized patients, blood glucose less than or equal to 4 mmol should be treated

Stroke: diagnosis and emergency treatment in the first three hours

Acute stroke, which is a treatable problem when ensuring specialist urgency, drug treatment, and care all affect survival and recovery

Acute chest pain: diagnosis and emergency management

Acute chest pain is most common in the emergency department, immediate evaluation is required, to ensure appropriate care, there are no formal guidelines for low-risk chest pain

Acute abdominal pain: diagnosis and emergency management

Abdominal pain continues to pose urgent diagnostic challenges for clinicians. In many cases, the differential diagnosis is very broad, ranging from benign to life-threatening conditions

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: diagnosis and emergency treatment

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common emergency, with a range of esophageal and duodenal symptoms such as hematemesis, melena, and rarely anemia

Acute pulmonary embolism: due to thromboembolic disease

The goal of treatment for acute pulmonary embolism is to rapidly relieve pulmonary embolism, either by thrombolysis, surgical embolization, or mechanical catheter ablation

Hypovolemic shock: emergency diagnosis and treatment

Hypovolemic shock is shock caused by a sudden decrease in circulating volume that results in decreased tissue perfusion (cellular hypoxia), cell metabolism disorders.

Septic shock: initial diagnosis and treatment

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome in which physiological, biological, and biochemical abnormalities occur, and an inflammatory response occurs that can lead to organ dysfunction and death

Acute dyspnea: emergency diagnosis and treatment

Shortness of breath is a common symptom, caused by lung disease, myocardial ischemia or dysfunction, anemia, neuromuscular disorders, obesity

Upper airway obstruction: diagnosis and emergency treatment

Acute upper airway obstruction may result from aspiration of foreign bodies, viral or bacterial infections, severe allergies, burns, or trauma

Acute respiratory failure: diagnosis and emergency treatment

Respiratory failure occurs when the small blood vessels, which surround the alveolar sacs are unable to exchange gases, experience immediate symptoms, due to insufficient oxygen in the body

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: emergency diagnosis and treatment

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is an acute problem characterized by worsening of respiratory symptoms that goes beyond normal day-to-day variations and lead to a change in medication

Progressive acute respiratory distress syndrome

Advanced acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which the alveolar-capillary membrane is acutely damaged, resulting in severe respiratory failure that is unresponsive to high-dose oxygen

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Severe respiratory

An exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a rapidly worsening, stable disease that no longer responds to usual daily treatment.

Severe bacterial community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis and aggressive treatment

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia is an infectious disease of the lung parenchyma, causing inflammation of the alveoli, bronchioles, and interstitial tissues of the lungs

Anaphylaxis: diagnosis and emergency treatment

Anaphylactic reactions may manifest in the skin or mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, cardiovascular systems such as tachycardia, arrhythmias, or hypotension

Severe pneumonia caused by influenza A virus: diagnosis and intensive resuscitation treatment

Viral pneumonia is more likely to occur in young children and older adults, because the body is less able to fight the virus than in people with healthy immune systems

Ventilator-associated pneumonia: diagnosis and aggressive treatment

Although ventilator-associated pneumonia mortality is still debated, it has been shown that these infections prolong both the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the intensive care unit.

Pneumothorax in mechanically ventilated patients: diagnosis and aggressive treatment

Pneumothorax is a very dangerous, potentially fatal, complication in patients on artificial ventilation

Septic shock: diagnosis and treatment of intensive care

Septic shock, which is a phase of a continuum, starting with a systemic inflammatory response to infection, severe sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure

Acute renal failure in resuscitation: diagnosis and aggressive treatment

Acute renal failure, referring to a sudden decrease in renal function, resulting in the retention of urea, and other nitrogenous wastes, and disturbances of extracellular volume and electrolytes