Biological significance of inflammation

In species evolution, protozoa take phagocytosis or phagocytosis for digestive functions and destroy harmful factors. In evolution there is the differentiation of cells, in addition to a system of phagocytic cells, there is a system of cells with immune powers to fight and destroy harmful factors more effectively, in animals more with evolution, the more complex the protection system. The inflammatory reaction is generally a means to protect the body when harmful factors appear, but when the inflammatory reaction occurs excessively, it also causes many changes in the body, so the physician must strengthen the resistance. resist, destroy inflammatory factors, at the same time be monitored to promptly resolve harmful complications that may occur in the inflammatory process.

Some experiments illustrate the inflammatory process:

Heat-induced dermatitis test

Use a rabbit, fix it on a wooden table with a rope. Use scissors to cut the hair tightly over the entire skin of the rabbit's belly. Causes dermatitis of the rabbit belly by holding a 60 ° C hot water bottle on one side of the abdomen. After 5 minutes, inject 2 ml of trypan 1% green solution into the vein of the rabbit ear. Continue to press the hot water bottle on the rabbit's belly for another 10 minutes.

Observe the hot water applied to the belly area, describe colour, oedema, temperature, and compare with the healed side.

Describe the sequence of appearance of the skin manifestations on the rabbit belly and explain why these symptoms occur.

Results observed?

Redness in inflammation?

The phenomenon in inflammation?

Occurrence of trypan green?

What are the changes in temperature?

Experiment to cause mesenteritis

Using a frog, use a needle to break the marrow to destroy a frog's spinal cord and then fix it on the operating table in a prone position with pins on the feet. Place the belly close to the left side of the square hole in the centre of the operating table.

Using scissors, cut a line about 2cm long, this line is located at the boundary between the gray area and the white area of ​​the right abdomen of the frog and lies back on the hind leg.

Use pince to pull out the lining of the small intestine and spread it over the opening of the operating table. Avoid spreading skewers as this can block circulation. Use a pin to fix the intestinal suspension and examine it under a microscope.

Using objective 10 to see the circulation in large blood vessels then rapidly transition to the field with many capillaries (capillaries are where the blood cells move in a row, under the 10 objective you see the capillary is a tube small, bright and without pink).

Finally, using objective 40 to see leukaemia

Results observed?

What causes inflammation here?

Why is the phenomenon of blood stasis in the inflammatory drive?

Observe the phagocytic specimen

Take venous blood on the wings of a healthy chicken, centrifuge to collect red blood cell residue mixed into a suspension in physiological saline.

Inject the red blood cell suspension that has just been mixed into the hamster's abdomen and then every 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours ... take the water from the hamster's abdomen, spread it on a glass slide, dye it with Giemsa, and then observe below. optical microscope. Phagocytes here are macrophages in the abdomen of mice, while the target phagocytosis is chicken red blood cells with a nucleus.

Observe the phagocytic phases: approaching, encircling, and digesting. Draw and represent what you observe.