Cardiac storage: simulates the heart's ability at rest and during exertion

The greatest rate at which cardiac output can rise above normal is known as cardiac reserve. Therefore, in healthy young people, the heart reserve is 300-400%. In athletes, it can reach 500-600% or more. However, in patients with severe heart failure, there is no cardiac reserve. An example of the cardiac reserve, in strenuous exercise, the normal human cardiac output can reach 5 times normal levels, which can increase 400% above normal - that is 400% cardiac reserve. Any factor that prevents the heart from expelling enough blood will lead to a decrease in cardiac stores. And a decrease in cardiac storage can be caused by anaemia, primary cardiomyopathy, vitamin deficiency can affect the heart muscle, damage to the heart muscle, heart valve disease, and many other factors.

Figure. Compensation of the heart in various problems shows a reserve level below 0 for two of the problems.

Diagnosis of reduced cardiac storage - the test

Until people with low heart reserves continue to rest, they usually do not have symptoms of heart disease. However, a diagnosis of the low cardiac reserve is often made by asking the patient to exercise on a treadmill or walk the stairs, activities that require high supply. Increasing the burden on the heart rapidly uses up the small available reserves, and the cardiac output then cannot rise high enough to maintain a new level of bodily activity. Acute effects include:

1. Severe immediate and severe shortness of breath due to heart failure not pumping enough blood to the tissues, leading to tissue anaemia and increased need for ventilation.

2. Muscle weakness due to anaemia, thus limiting the ability to exercise

3. Increased heart rate due to a nerve reflex so that the heart is overworked to overcome a decrease in circulating volume.

Test exercises are part of a cardiologist's tool. Tests conducted in cardiac output control cannot be easily performed in any setting.

Quantitative graphical method for heart failure analysis

Although the general principle used in logical heart failure is qualitative, one can grasp the importance of the various factors in heart failure with a quantitative approach.