Medical Physiology

Thyroid endocrine physiology

Iodine capture requires energy, thanks to the iodine pump, with the action of Na K ATPase, this process can be stopped by ouabain.

Some physiological disorders of body temperature

When suffering from heatstroke, the body temperature rises to 40.5-42oC. Symptoms are dizziness, light-headedness, hot and red skin, possible delirium, and unconsciousness

Physiological mechanisms regulating body temperature

Anterior optic-anterior hypothalamus has many heat-sensitive neurons and a few cold-sensitive neurons

Physiology of body heat generation

Radiant heat loss is heat loss in the form of infrared rays, of the electromagnetic wave type

Outline of human body temperature

All cellular, biochemical, and enzymatic reactions are temperature dependent. Therefore, optimal body temperature regulation is required for physiological activities in endothermic animals.

Physiological metabolism between body fluids

Substances from the plasma pass through the capillary wall by endothelial cell endocytosis, where they are then expelled into the interstitial fluid

Physiology of electrolytes in the body

ADH increases water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct. When blood Na+ is below 135 mEq/l, the posterior pituitary gland stops secreting ADH, causing a large amount of dilute urine to be excreted.

Physiological balance of water in the body

Dehydration usually occurs shortly before feeling thirsty. Children, the elderly, and people with dementia may not be aware of the sensation of thirst.

Physiological outline of water and electrolytes in the body

Water is the body's largest single component. Children have the highest percentage of water to body weight, 75%.

Physiological functions of the liver

The liver synthesizes fatty acids from glaucid, Protide and from lipid degradation products, fatty acids are cyclically metabolized.

Outline of hepatobiliary physiology

Between the liver cells and the endothelial cell layer of the sinuses, there is a space called the Disse space, this is where the lymphatic system in the liver originates.

Introduction to the endocrine system and hormones

Hormones are chemicals that are secreted by a group of cells or an endocrine gland into the bloodstream and carried by the blood to the cells.

Endocrine physiology of the adrenal gland

In the function of the adrenal medulla, which is related to sympathetic activity, sympathetic stimulation also induces secretion of adrenal medullary hormones.

Endocrine physiology of the pituitary gland

Effects on body development: acting on most body tissues, increasing the number and size of cells, increasing the size of internal organs.

Endocrine physiology of the hypothalamus

Hypothalamic neurons secrete RH-releasing hormones and IRH-inhibiting hormones that inhibit or stimulate anterior pituitary activity.

Auditory physiology and balance apparatus (vestibular)

The outer ear has the pinna and the outer ear canal. The pinna of the human ear has protrusions and concavities, which have the effect of receiving sound from all sides without turning like some animals.

Respiratory gas exchange and transport

To pass through the alveolar-capillary membrane, it must pass through the respiratory membrane, as discussed above, and through the red blood cell membrane.

Respiratory ventilation function

The airway is a system of tubes, from the outside to the inside, including nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchi entering the lungs.

Spinal neurophysiology

Located on the inside, shaped like a butterfly, forming an anterior, posterior, and lateral horn

Physiology of respiratory regulation

The respiratory centres are bilaterally symmetrical groups of neurons and are scattered throughout the medulla oblongata and pons

Physiology of the autonomic nervous system

Norepinephrine receptors of the sympathetic system are called noradrenergic receptors, and in addition to norepinephrine, these receptors also respond to epinephrine.

Neurophysiology of the brain

When pressing hard on the eyeball, it stimulates the V cord, the impulse enters the medulla oblongata to stimulate the X cord to slow the heartbeat.

Neurophysiology

The neuronal body has the function of feeding the neuron. In addition, the neuron body can be the source of nerve impulses and can also be the place to receive nerve impulses from other places to transmit to the neuron.

Outline of nervous system physiology

During the functioning of the nervous system, neurons play a very important role, the flow of information into and out of the nervous system.

Cerebral hemisphere neurophysiology

To study the functional areas of the cerebral cortex, people divide the cortex in different ways